CSE Citation-Sequence and Name-Year Styles

The CSE Manual describes two systems: the 'citation-sequence' system and the 'name-year' system. In the 'citation-sequence' system, citations in the text are indicated by superscript numbers that refer to references in the list of references at the end of the paper. If the same reference is referred to multiple times, it is always with the same superscript number. It is possible to refer to multiple references at once using a sequence of superscript numbers. In the 'name-year' system, in-text parenthetical citations of the author's name and year of the reference are included. Each citation corresponds to a reference in the list of references at the end of the paper. There are special recommendations for works by multiple authors, corporate authors, etc.

Citation-Sequence

Single citation

The problem setup phase uses the EPANET User's Toolkit¹ to compute the EPS network hydraulics.

Multiple citations.

Thus, an extended period hydraulic simulation^2-6 will yield a periodic set of network flows that also repeat indefinitely. ^7-8

Second use of citation number used earlier.

Studies have shown that trihalomethane (THM) formation can be modeled as a linear function of chlorine demand.^{3, 9}

Author or Authors named in a signal phrase.

Boccelli¹⁰ and Clark^2,11 have shown that first-order models may underestimate chlorine demand under certain conditions.

Note: If superscript numbers are impossible, it is permissible to include the citation numbers in parentheses.

The problem setup phase uses the EPANET User's Toolkit (1) to compute the EPS network hydraulics.

Name-Year

Single author

The problem setup phase uses the EPANET User's Toolkit (Rossman 1999) to compute the EPS network hydraulics.

Two authors

Thus, an extended period hydraulic simulation (Rao and Bree 1977) will yield a periodic set of network flows that also repeat indefinitely.

Three or more authors

An earlier study used a simpler mass dosage rate parameterization where the dosage must be constant (Boccelli and others 1998).

Two or more documents by the same author in the same year.

Studies have shown that trihalomethane (THM) formation can be modeled as a linear function of chlorine demand (Nguyen 1997a, 1997b).

Corporate or organizational authors.

The problem solution phase is performed using CPLEX (ILOG 1996), a commercial brand and bound procedure.

Two or more different authors with the same last name.

Studies have shown that trihalomethane (THM) formation can be modeled as a linear function of chlorine demand (Jones AB 1986; Jones CD 1995).

Author or authors named in a signal phrase 

Boccelli (1999) and Clark (1998, 2002) have shown that first-order models may underestimate chlorine demand under certain conditions.

Have more questions?

For information on citing documents from the internet, see the preview of the 7th edition, which will cover this topic, at the Council of Science Editors' web site. Other new material is also available for preview, and corrections to the 6th edition are available.