Turabian Footnotes

Footnoting is the method for documenting quotations, paraphrases, summaries, and other material offered in your paper required by Kate A. Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Terms Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996 (known simply as "Turabian"). Footnotes are listed serially at the bottom of the page. The note number should be typed on the line (1. Mark Twain), although it's permissible for the note to be preceded by superscript numerals (¹Mark Twain) if that's how the word processor generates footnotes.  Endnotes are listed serially at the end of the paper, preceded by a regular typed numeral, followed by a period (1. Mark Twain). (Note that when using superscript footnotes, the first line of the citation is indented 5 spaces).

Book with a single author.

                 ¹⁰Richard Sennett, Authority (New York: Norton, 1980), 11.

Book with two or three authors.

                 ¹²Richard Sennett and Jonathan Cobb, The Hidden Injuries of Class (New York:  Vintage Books, 1972), 123.

Book with three or more authors.

                ⁸Martin Greenberger et al., eds., Networks for Research and Education: Sharing  of Computer Information Resources Nationwide (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1974), 54.

Author’s work prepared by an editor or translator.

              ¹³Edward Chiera, They Wrote on Clay, ed. George G. Cameron (Chicago:  University of Chicago Press, 1938), 42.

               ²²Jurgen Habermas, Knowledge and Human Interests. trans. Jeremy J. Shapiro  (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), 173.

Corporate author (organization, association).

                 ⁷Food and Drug Administration, FDA and the Internet: Advertising and  Promotion of Medical Products (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996), 324.

Works with no author.

               ²⁰"The Surveillance Society: Information Technology as a Threat to Privacy" The>  Economist, 1 May 1999, 21.

Author’s work contained in Collected Works.

                  ⁷John Dewey, The Philosophy of John Dewey. ed. John J. McDermott, "Culture and Nature" (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), 689-714.

               ¹⁵M. M. Bober, Karl Marx’s Interpretation of History, 2d ed. Harvard Economic Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1948), 89.

Reprint of a book.

              ²¹Michael David, Toward Honesty in Public Relations (Chicago: Condor Publications, 1968; reprint, New York: B. Y. Jove, 1990), 134-56. (page citations are to the reprint edition).

Secondary source of a quotation (another writer quoted by an author).

              ¹⁴Erik H. Ericson, Childhood and Society, 2^nd ed. (New York: Norton, 1963), 113; quoted in Steven Wieland, Intellectual Craftsmen: Ways and Works in American Scholarship, 1935-1990 (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1991), 42.

Article in a journal.

              ¹⁸David Beard, "Rhetorical Criticism, Holocaust Studies, and the Problem of Ethos," Journal of Advanced Composition, 20 (Fall 2000): 733.

Article in a magazine.

              ³Atul Gawande, "The Man Who Couldn’t Stop Eating," The New Yorker, 9 July 2001, 67.

Signed article in an encyclopedia.

              ²²Thomas Williamson, "Commonplaces," in Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, ed. Thomas O. Sloane (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001): 132.

Signed article in a newspaper.

              ⁶Tom Brune, "Census Will for First Time Count Those of Mixed Race," Seattle Times, 6 Oct. 1999, sec. 1A, p. 3.

Work included within an edited collection.

              ²³Carl F. Kaestle, "The History of Literacy and the History of Readers," in Perspectives on Literacy, ed. Eugene R. Kintgen, Barry M. Kroll, and Mike Rose (Carbondale, Il: Southern Illinois University Press, 1988), 122.

Published interview.

             ³⁵Judith Butler, "Changing the Subject: Judith Butler’s Politics of Radical Resignification," interview by Gary A. Olson and Lynn Worsham (Tampa, Fl., 22 Jan. 2000), Journal of Advanced Composition, 20 (Fall 2000): 733.

Unpublished interview.

             ²⁷Walker Percy. interview by Anne James, 13 April 1983, interview 77B, transcript, Louisiana Oral History Collection, Loyola University, New Orleans, La.

Web page.

              ²⁵National Park Service,  Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historic Site, 11 February 2003, available from http://www.nps.gov/abli/; Internet; accessed 13 February 2003.

Note:  Adapted from Kate L. Turabian. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 6th ed.,  (Chicago:  Chicago University Press, 1993), 159.

Have more questions?

For electronic sources, try the University of Alberta's Guide to Citation.  For government documents, see the University of Memphis' Brief Guide to Citing Government Sources.  For other questions, try Turabian's Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, available at the Perkins and Lilly Reference Desks.